सरकारी जासूसी का जैसा रहस्योद्घाटन आजकल हो रहा है, स्वतंत्र भारत में शायद पहले कभी नहीं हुआ। वैसे, दुनिया की कोई सरकार ऐसी नहीं, जो जासूसी का पूरा तंत्र न चलाती हो, लेकिन लोकतंत्र में जासूसी भी कुछ कानून-कायदों के मुताबिक चलती है। उसे कुछ मर्यादाओं का पालन करना होता है। इस बार हमारी संसद में सरकारी जासूसी का ऐसा मामला उठा है, जिसके कारण सरकार की मुश्किल बढ़ी है।
इस्राइल की एनएसओ नामक कंपनी का एक सॉफ्टवेयर है, पेगासस। इस सॉफ्टवेयर की खूबी यह है कि यह किसी के फोन और कंप्यूटर पर होने वाली बातचीत, संदेशों और चित्रों को रेकॉर्ड कर लेता है और उस व्यक्ति को इसकी भनक तक नहीं लगती। इसका उपयोग दुनिया के 40 देशों की 60 संस्थाएं कर रही हैं। इसके द्वारा लगभग 50 हजार लोगों की जासूसी की जाती है। संसद में विपक्षी सदस्यों ने आरोप लगाया है कि पेगासस की सूची में 300 भारतीयों के नाम हैं। इनमें 40 पत्रकार, दो केंद्रीय मंत्री, तीन विरोधी नेता, एक पूर्व न्यायाधीश, एक पूर्व चुनाव आयुक्त और कई अन्य व्यवसायों से जुड़े लोग भी हैं।
आतंकवाद रोकना है मकसद
नए-नए नाम रोज प्रकट होते जा रहे हैं। एनएसओ ने दावा किया है कि वह अपना सॉफ्टवेयर सिर्फ प्रामाणिक सरकारों को बेचती है ताकि वे आतंकवादियों, संगीन अपराधियों, तस्करों और विदेशी जासूसों पर निगरानी रख सकें। भारत में जितने बड़े पैमाने पर जासूसी की बात सामने आई है, उसके मद्देनजर कहा जा रहा है कि खरीदी गई पेगासस की कीमत लगभग 500 करोड़ रुपये होगी। क्या कोई गैर-सरकारी संस्था इस यंत्र पर इतना पैसा खर्च करेगी?
भारत सरकार की ओर से इन आरोपों का जवाब देने की जिम्मेदारी आई नव-नियुक्त सूचना तकनीक मंत्री अश्विनी वैष्णव पर! दिलचस्प बात यह है कि खुद वैष्णव का नाम भी उस सूची में है, जिनकी कथित तौर पर जासूसी हो रही थी। वैष्णव ने दो-टूक शब्दों में कहा है कि अवैध जासूसी की यह खबर निराधार है। भारत सरकार जासूसी का कोई भी गैर-कानूनी काम नहीं करती। लेकिन संसद और देश की जनता यह जानना चाहेगी कि भारत सरकार कौन से कानून के तहत जासूसी करती है? ऐसे दो कानून हैं। एक तो 1885 का इंडियन टेलिग्राफिक एक्ट और दूसरा 2000 का सूचना तकनीक एक्ट! इन दोनों कानूनों के तहत हजारों लोगों के फोन टैप किए जाते रहे हैं और चि_ियां पढ़ी जाती रही हैं। कांग्रेस सरकार ने 2013 में बताया था कि उसने 7500 से 9000 फोन टैप किए थे। इस तरह की सभी जासूसी हमारी केंद्र और राज्यों की सरकारें ‘कानून के मुताबिक’ करती हैं।
यह कानून क्या है? यह कानून सिर्फ यही है कि गृह-सचिव को जिस व्यक्ति के खिलाफ कुछ भी संदेह हो या जिसके बारे में भी ऊपर से इशारा हो, उसके खिलाफ जासूसी शुरू करवा दे। उसे यह मनमाना अधिकार है। उसे किसी को बताने या किसी की सहमति लेने की जरूरत नहीं है। इस अधिकार का उसने दुरुपयोग तो नहीं किया है, इस प्रश्न की जांच के लिए स्वतंत्र और निष्पक्ष व्यवस्था नहीं है। यह काम कैबिनेट सचिव और दो अन्य नौकरशाहों के जिम्मे लगा दिया जाता है। वे क्या करेंगे? वे वही करेंगे, जो मंत्री कहेगा। नौकरशाहों के निर्णय ठीक हैं या नहीं, इसका फैसला या तो किसी न्यायाधीश या सांसदों की किसी कमिटी के हाथ में होना चाहिए। सांसदों की कमिटी क्या किसी नेता के विरुद्ध जासूसी होने देगी? यदि कोई नेता आतंकवाद, देशद्रोह या खून-खराबे में लिप्त हो तो वह ऐसा क्यों नहीं होने देगी?
असली दिक्कत तब उपस्थित होती है, जब सरकारें जासूसी का इस्तेमाल राष्ट्रहित नहीं, स्वहित के लिए करती हैं। वरना क्या वजह है कि पत्रकारों, विपक्षी नेताओं, जजों, उद्योगपतियों और अपने मंत्रियों को भी सरकार निशाना बनाती है? इस मामले में जिन लोगों की जासूसी करने के कथित आरोप लग रहे हैं, क्या वे राष्ट्रविरोधी हरकतों में शामिल हैं? अगर ऐसा है तो सरकार स्वयं उनके नाम प्रकट क्यों नहीं करती?
पत्रकारों के खिलाफ जासूसी तो इसीलिए की जाती है कि उनकी खबरों के गुप्त स्रोतों का सरकार को पता चल सके। पत्रकारिता लोकतंत्र का चौथा खंभा है। यह खंभा अगर खोखला हो गया तो विधानपालिका और न्यायपालिका का कोई महत्व नहीं रह जाएगा। पत्रकारों और सच्चे नेताओं का जीवन खुली किताब की तरह होता है। उनके पास छिपाने के लिए कुछ नहीं होता। उन्हें जो कहना या करना होता है, उसे वे खम ठोककर खुले-आम करते हैं। यदि उनका कोई दोष हो तो सरकार जरूर बताए। दोषियों के नाम प्रकट करने में सरकार को डर क्या है? संसद में हंगामा होने पर सूचना तकनीक मंत्री वैष्णव ने जो जवाब दिया, वह खानापूर्ति के अलावा कुछ नहीं है। उन्होंने यह क्यों नहीं बताया कि सरकार ने पेगासस का इस्तेमाल किया है या नहीं?
सारे तथ्य सामने लाएं
यह सच है कि जासूसी किए बिना कोई सरकार नहीं चल सकती। दुनिया की सभी सरकारें अपना जासूसी-तंत्र मजबूती से चलाती हैं। लेकिन यदि उसकी पोल खुल जाए तो फिर वह जासूसी-तंत्र ही क्या हुआ? इस पेगासस का ढक्कन उघाड़ा है, फ्रांस की संस्था ‘फॉरबिडन स्टोरीज’ और एमनेस्टी इंटरनैशनल ने। दुनिया के कई प्रसिद्ध अखबार इस रहस्योद्घाटन में जुटे हुए हैं।
इस जासूसी के मामले में भारत सरकार का रवैया दो-टूक होना चाहिए। या तो वह सारे तथ्य स्वयं ही प्रकट कर दे या उन लोगों से माफी मांगे, जिन निर्दोष लोगों पर वह जान-बूझकर या अनजाने में जासूसी कर रही थी। यदि वह ऐसा नहीं करती है तो यह माना जाएगा कि वह निजता, गोपनीयता और आत्माभिव्यक्ति की स्वतंत्रता के संवैधानिक प्रावधानों का उल्लंघन कर रही है।
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